For woodcut (from the greek ξύλον, "timber" and γράφω "write") or, more Italian, woodcut, this is the recording of images and sometimes short texts on wooden tablets, matrices, then inked and used to create multiple copies of the same subject on and sometimes on silk paper, through the press with the press . Given that the woodcut is a type of relief engraving, it is not difficult enter the matrix forms of wood in typography, printing text and images together. This feature makes the process of woodcut printing very economical, it will be used especially for the "popular texts. A historic print shop specializing in popular prints was that of a Remondini Bassano del Grappa (VI).
carved wood for materials already existed in Egypt, adopted by the Copts in the fifth and sixth centuries AD History [edit ]
The technique is of Chinese origin and the first prints on paper dating the eighth century AD The incision was then great development with the invention and dissemination of the paper. In Europe since the fourteenth century first woodcuts are produced, or woodcuts, which are the means to illustrate the first books in print. Among the oldest woodblock prints that exist today, one of the best known, even for religious reasons, is that of the Madonna del Fuoco [1] of Forlì . The oldest text that speaks of carved wood is the "Treatise on painting and book art " Cennino Cennini of 1437.
The '500 is the golden age of engraving: great engravers of quality of firmness and decision were the painters Holbein the Elder, Lucas Cranach and Dürer. In 1510, Ugo da Carpi in Italy invented chiaroscuro two, three and four blocks. The
engravers use soft woods and easier to process, cut in the direction of the grain. This will facilitate the work of the engraver, but the arrays will deteriorate quickly. At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the wood is almost abandoned, replaced by metal dies.
The woodcut head
In 800 the woodcut knows a new period of great use, particularly to illustrate books and newspapers. During this time you learn to use very hard woods, especially box, and cut perpendicular to grain ( woodcut head or new woodcut ). With these sorts of arrays, hard-working, fail to realize, however, also runs very high in the order of several thousand copies. The use of the woodcut in particular, develops from c. 1840. until the early '900.
In more recent times, as the basic material for carving wood, instead of the wood has been used linoleum and even a soft material even more, the ' Adigraf .
early '900 to Adolfo De Carolis to thank for a brilliant revival of the woodcut in Italy, when other forms of photomechanical reproductions already invaded the field of engraving. As early as 1903
magazine The Leonardo, which was printed in Florence , publishes the first woodcuts A. De Carolis of Renaissance style with those of G. Costetti, A. Rapisarda, G. Viner and others. The magazine L'Eroica
Ettore Cozzani in La Spezia at that time became the official organ of the Italian woodcut organizing in 1912, the first exhibition of woodcut and engraving Italian with the catalog.
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